Thanks for the details!
We have a card in our backlog to allow retry on step level.
I think that should help, but if you want to test whether it would you could copy/duplicate the related failing step and then specify a run_if: .IsBuildFailed for the copy, which means to only run that step if a previous step would fail. Docs: https://devcenter.bitrise.io/tips-and-tricks/disable-a-step-by-condition/#running-a-step-only-if-the-build-failed